Big Toe Pain - Common Causes and Treatments

Pain in the big toe is a common cause of complaint. Its prominent position makes it prone to injury, however pain can be the result of a wide range of causes. The joints of the big toe are often problematic, with the following three conditions all affecting the big toe, along with common treatment programs often prescribed.

Hallus Rigidis

Hallus rigidis is a form of osteoarthritis which affects the big toe causing the toe to become stiff, usually at the base. The condition is caused by wear and tear, but can occur at an early age, when excess forces have been placed on the feet over time. Since the condition is often accompanied by swelling and inflammation, and occurs on the same joint as a bunion, the two problems are often confused in a home diagnosis. Hallus rigidis is a degenerative condition, however early treatment can help to limit the damage caused and prevent pain, with an early diagnosis important. Orthotic insoles, bunion shoes, corticosteroid injections and physiotherapy can all be used to high effect; however a medical diagnosis is important to ensure the correct treatment regimen is prescribed.

Gout

Gout is a relatively common hereditary disorder which commonly affects the big toe. It is due to the body's inability to deal with uric acid which creates a high blood concentration, which in turn causes uric acid crystals to form in the joints such as the big toe. The condition can cause intense pain with intermittent painful episodes. 90% of sufferers experience big toe pain at some point, with 50% of first time sufferers affected in the toe. The condition has also been linked to a purine rich diet, and can be treated and prevented by various dietary modifications, lifestyle changes and anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's)

Bunions

One of the most common causes of big toe pain, and also one of the most easily recognised is a bunion. The condition is usually the result of wearing tight fitting shoes, with high heels exacerbating the problem. A bunion is the displacement bone at the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot, or can be due to excessive bone formation. The bony lump can be prone to inflammation and swelling, with accompanying pain, and make wearing shoes problematic. Bunion pads fit in the sides of the shoes to cushion the bunion and prevent abrasion and are highly effective in mild cases. Used in conjunction with many other treatment programs they can see pain prevented and the problem reverses. Common treatments include: night splints, toe straighteners, toe stretchers, and braces, all being highly effective for home treatment.

If a lack of pain is the problem, and you are losing the sensation in your big toe and your toes are always cold, it could indicate circulatory problem such as occurs in sufferers of Raynaud's disease. The condition is typified by problematic blood flow to the extremities, with diabetes sufferers also being prone to foot problems. If you have diabetes, it is vital to seek medical advice before trying any treatment which could affect the circulation.