Basic Information You Should Know About Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJD)

Description of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the joint that connects your jaw to the side of your head. This is the physical connection where the jaw bones meet the skull. A brief review of the anatomy of your head will help you understand important facts that you should know about this disorder. There are two temporomandibular joints, one on both sides of your head that work as one. The term is derived from the bones that form the joint. These include the upper temporal bone which is part of the skull, and the other one is the lower jaw bone which is called mandible. TMJ has numerous important functions that we can't live without. These joints enable us to open our mouth, speak, yawn, and chew the foods you eat. When the muscles used in chewing and the joints of the jaw fail to work in combination with each other, a condition called temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) occurs. This is a debilitating disorder that could disrupt everyday functions such as eating, speaking, and sleeping.

Symptoms of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJD)

Many people experience this type of joint problem. Symptoms may occur on one or both sides of the face, head, or jaw. The symptoms of TMJD may cause one or more of the following:

• Pain and tenderness of the jaw muscles


• Limited movement or locking of the jaw


• Painful clicking or popping in the jaw when you chew, bite, or yawn


• Moderate to severe pain that radiates to the face, jaw, or neck


• A change in the way the upper and lower teeth fit together


• Difficulty opening and closing your mouth


• Ear pain without any associated infection


• Headache and dizziness


• Anxiety

Causes of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJD)

There are several factors that contribute to the development of this type of joint disorder. Trauma to the jaw or jaw joint may cause TMJ problem, but in most cases, the exact cause is unknown. Any stressful situations can cause or aggravate TMJD. Improper alignment of your teeth also contributes to the development of TMJD. Most discomforts are caused from the overuse of the muscles that surrounds the joint, specifically clenching or grinding of teeth. These excessive habits tire the jaw muscles and lead to discomfort, such as headache or neck pain.

Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJD)

The Diagnosis of TMJD requires recognition of the symptom complex and the findings of impaired mandibular range of motion. Further workup consists of radiographic characterization of the joint. The first-line study is plain tomography of the joint in open and closed positions.

Recent development in TMJ imaging includes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI has been found to correlate well with surgical findings in the joint. The gold standard in diagnosis is combination of linear tomography and MRI. Your Cincinnati dentist will assess your condition to come up with the proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJD)

Majority of all cases can be treated by simply resting the joint affected. There are several simple solutions to prevent further damage to your TMJ and treating your symptoms. Most people will experience temporary relief with minor treatment. Taking a non-aspirin pain reliever and practicing stress management and relaxation techniques will do a lot of help. Most treatment for TMJ problem is simple, often can be done at home, and does not require surgery.

More severe cases would definitely require the attention of a TMJ specialist. Proper assessment by the dental specialists in Cincinnati dental office will help address the condition. There are situations that can be treated with physical therapy, ice and hot packs, posture training and orthopedic appliance therapy such as splint or bite guard. When necessary, a stronger form of pain killer or anti-inflammatory medications, muscle relaxants or antidepressants may help ease the disturbing symptoms. Proper treatment is necessary to keep the jaw in proper alignment. Be sure to make routine dental appointments, so your doctor can check your TMJ status on a regular basis.